Cervical Dysplasia

Cervical dysplasia is a term used to describe the appearance of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix, the lowest part of the uterus. These changes in cervical tissue are classified as mild, moderate, or severe. While dysplasia itself does not cause health problems, it is considered to be a precancerous condition. Left untreated, dysplasia sometimes progresses to an early form of cancer known as cervical carcinoma in situ, and eventually to invasive cervical cancer.

Causes

The cause of cervical dysplasis is unknown but there is growing evidence that certain vitamins, such as folic acid, play a role in cervical health. A poor diet may also cause the immune system to weaken, decreasing the body's ability to fight viruses such as HPV. Some research shows that women who use oral contraceptives may be at a higher risk for developing cervical dysplasia.

Other risk factors include:

Multiple sexual partners
Starting sexual activity before age 18
Having children before age 16
DES exposure
Having had sexually transmitted diseases, especially HPV (genital warts) or HIV infection

Treatment

Treatment depends on the degree of dysplasia and the patient's preference. Mild dysplasia, which may go away on its own, usually involves careful observation with repeat Pap smears every 3 to 6 months. Other forms may require methods to destroy the abnormal tissue, including electrocauterization, cryosurgery, laser vaporization, or surgical removal.

Consistent follow-up, every 3 to 6 months or as prescribed, is essential.

Nearly all cervical dysplasia can be cured with early identification, proper evaluation and treatment, and careful, consistent follow-up.

Without treatment, 30-50% cases of cervical dysplasia may progress to invasive cancer. The risk of cancer is higher for severe dysplasia (CIN III) that is not treated.

Prevention

To reduce the chance of developing cervical dysplasia:

- Wait until you are 18 or older before becoming sexually active
- Practice monogamy and use condoms during intercourse
- Talk with your healthcare provider about discontinuing birth control pills
- Avoid "estrogen dominance" in the body. Make sure your progesterone and estrogen levels are balanced. If you are "estrogen dominant", meaning you have too much estrogen, it may cause the abnormal cells to grow rapidly. Bioidentical progesterone cream can help return your body to balance and help prevent progression of the disorder.
- Don't start smoking and stop if you already do.

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